Second French War (1821-32)

-Bavaria falls out of France's orbit following death of elector

-France sees internal stability weaken as police falls apart following death of Fouche

-Governor of Saint-Domingue Heads of Haiti > 1797-1821 Toussaint Louverture dies

-causes a crisis in the nation

-spread of potato blight from the Americas to Europe in 1820s ferments revolution

-this pops speculation bubbles that popped after Year Without A Summer which causes mass unemployment

-as well as bread hunger

-1821: French fleet led by Albin Roussin attempting to "restore order" in Saint-Domingue intercepted and destroyed by British who fear it'll be used against its colonies, resulting in war

-1822: British occupation of French colonies, French attempt to invade Ireland defeated, Dessalines declares independence of Haiti from France

-1824: Carbonari in Naples rebel, France and Italy intervene, resulting in general European war; war panic in France sees end of Sieyesian regime and rise of Heads of France > 1824-1836 Bernard-Francois de Chauvelin (Coppetard) †

-1825: Rising in Venetian Republic, French army crosses the Rhine, Prussia declares war on France's side, Russia intervenes and Alexander I invades Prussia and declares himself King of Poland; Austria invades Prussian Silesia; Hamburg sees revolutions and revolts spread into other cities; rebellion in Stuttgart declares a republic and the Elector of Wurttemberg abdicates and flees; Saxony sees a declaration of a republic by students and workers; Franco-Spanish fleet attacks Minorca; Franco-Italian fleet occupies Malta, causing impact across Europe

-1826: Franco-Italian troops sweep into Venetian territories fighting skirmishes with Ottoman warlords and annexing Ragusa; French troops cross into Baden and Wurttemberg in name of republicans, but anti-French government refuses and instead France declares it annexed into Helvetia; Helvetian Republic breaks out into revolt in the name of ending French rule; Hanoverian troops and British ships storm and destroy Revolutionary Hamburg; Saxony requests Austrian troops to suppress its revolts and it succeeds; King of Two Sicilies forced to flee into Sicily

-1827: Alexander I dies, and Heads of Russia > 1827-1837 Constantine I calls back troops; Prussia renews its war effort especially in Silesia; France successfully dissolves Helvetian rebellion and annexes Helvetian Republic and Tellgau into a single looser state including Swabia; UK sees British Wars > Popular Revolution (1827-9) and flight of king to Hanover & armistice ends war with France with status quo ante

-1828: Hanover rallies against Prussia and fights on side of Austria, throwing Prussian advance back a great deal and allowing Austria to send troops towards Italy, resulting in Prussian authorities backtracking; Austria advances in Silesia; Rome is alight in revolution and Pope flees to Sardinia; treaty ends Franco-British war with status quo ante

-1829: Austrian troops invade Dalmatia and Venice and stopped at someplace, Hanoverian-Austrian advance continues; Spain drops out of war and concedes Minorca

-1830: Prussia sues for peace, Austrian and other German troops redirected

-1831: Austrian-German troops attack Italy and France, deflected mostly but Austrian fleet invades Rome and occupies Latium

-1832: Peace between France and Austria

-France sees reformed constitution firmly

-British Isles sees British Wars > Popular Revolution (1827-9), which turns it into a constitutional republic

-in Germany, Austria's position strengthened

-democratic and republican ferment firmly suppressed

-a fair amount of emigration of constitutionalists

-particular Revolutionary Hamburg become much admired

-Saxony institutes a fairly impressive constitution

-however, at the same time, Austria has been faced with a financial crisis and loss of Swabia is threatening

-Prussia has been badly hammered

-forced to enact several reforms in the years that followed

-Italy regards France allowing Austrian occupation of Latium as a sellout move despite winning war

-and dissatisfaction increases, French alliance seems more like overlordship

-Tellgau and Helvetia annexed into together a new Tellian Republic, this country gets Vorarlberg

-Bavaria gets Baden

-Prussian extra-contiguous territories divided up b/w Austria's allies

-resulting in several states in former Tellgau compensated with Prussian land

-additionally Austria eats most of Silesia

-though due to French disputes on negotiation table Saxony gets some of it

-Neuchatel to France

-Electorate of Salzburg moved up to former Prussian territories centered in Mark

-state annexed into Austria

-Wurttemberg turned into Swabia, now part of a new united Tellian Republic

-and ruler of Wurttemberg reimbursed with Hildesheim and Paderborn

-made closer

-Subalpine Republic consisting of Piedmont

-Ligurian Republic consisting of Genoa

-Etrurian Republic consisting of Tuscany

-Cispadane Republic consisting of Parma, Modena and a few small states

-Transpadane Republic consisting of Milan, Mantua, and Venice west of Adige

-State of Lucca consisting of Lucca

-Parthenopean Republic consisting of Naples

-Melitean Republic consisting of Malta

-Transbenacian Republic consisting of Venice

-Istrian Republic consisting of former Venetian Istria

-Dalmatian Republic consisting of Venetian Dalmatia

-Republic of Ragusa

-Ascruvian Republic consisting of former Venetian Albania

-Bononian Republic consisting of Papal States except Latium

-Ichnusan Republic consisting of Sardinia

-Heptanesian Republic consisting of Ionian Islands

-gets control over eastern Galicia

-loses control over its entire exclave set as well as Hildesheim and Silesia

-truly brutal defeat, it never quite recovers its position